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Prison fence with razor wire, burning sun and clouds in a deep orange sky
Photo illustration by Teresa Tauchi

This summer was the hottest ever recorded

These prolonged, extreme temperatures are acutely felt inside U.S. prisons, leading to increased health problems, more frequent agitation, and a host of other issues.

According to a recent investigation by The Appeal and Grist, only five states have air conditioning in all prison housing units. Many states do not cool living areas, or blocks of cells. And despite rising temperatures, prisons in historically cooler areas like the Northeast and Pacific Northwest also tend to lack air conditioning.

The heat can be especially problematic for older people, who are a growing population behind bars and especially vulnerable to heat. Same for people using psychiatric medications that can hinder the bodyโ€™s ability to regulate heat. 

PJP writers have written about the dearth of air conditioning in their prisons, the flaring of tempers during heat waves and makeshift solutions to stay cool. In conjunction with a special project around extreme heat in prison, which you can read here, PJP is sharing this collection of seven stories on rising temperatures behind bars.


Prison fence with razor wire, burning sun and clouds in a deep orange sky

โ€œIn Texas Prisons, Extreme Heat Makes People Angrier,โ€ by Cesar Hernandez: โ€œMost of us try hopelessly to get cool, sometimes collapsing from exhaustion. When itโ€™s this hot, prison workers do less, dropping the ball on delivering ice or folding laundry. That tests everyoneโ€™s patience. โ€˜Sometimes physical fights do occur. For every one fight, thereโ€™s 10 almost-fights,โ€™ Cliff said.โ€

Illustration of sun and extreme heat in New York prisons

โ€œItโ€™s 2024 and Most New York State Prisons Donโ€™t Have Air Conditioning,โ€ by Jared Bozydaj: โ€œBeing inside a cell during the hottest months of the year is like being cooked in an oven. Cells even resemble ovens in their architecture: smooth metal cubes with only a single door in and out. In most prisons Iโ€™ve been in, the cells lack a window. The brick-and-mortar construction of many of the older prisons captures heat all day long and then continues to radiate it throughout the cellblocks at night.โ€

Map of North Carolina and South Carolina showing extreme heat

โ€œThe Consequences of Sweltering Prisons in the Carolinas,โ€ by Gary K. Farlow: โ€œLike most elderly people in prison, Jimmy faces a host of health issues that the heat exacerbates. โ€ฆ โ€˜I tell my daughter that Iโ€™ve done my time in hell, so I know Iโ€™ll go to heaven.โ€™โ€

A man sweats next to a thermometer

โ€œHow a Trip to the Dining Hall Perfectly Captures the Summer Heat of a Florida Prison,โ€ by Justin Slavinski: โ€œIn the summer, the walk to the dining hall is brutal. By the time Iโ€™ve received my tray, filled and downed a cup of ice water from the cooler, refilled my cup again, then sat down at the stainless steel table in the dining hall, a veritable waterfall has formed on my back.โ€

A thermometer reads 110F, background of blazing sun

โ€œThe Real Cost of Heat Waves in Prison,โ€ by Bob Eisenman: โ€œWith the most recent heat wave, the value of a fan on the black market increased to almost $100, and could be traded for stamps, coffee and canteen food. These fans may be confiscated in cell shakedowns since they are not on official property lists. But as one inmate said recently after his was taken: โ€˜Two months of comfort is totally worth it.โ€™โ€

Prison fence with razor wire, background of burning sun in a deep orange sky

โ€œWhat Itโ€™s Like to Be Cooked Alive in a Texas Prison,โ€ by Khaศงliq Shakur: โ€œMy prison, which is roughly 90 minutes north of Austin, has seen inside temperatures as high as 130 degrees. When this happens, cold showers offer little relief. We are also supposed to have access to ice, but faulty ice machines mean inmates sometimes go hours in the summer without cold water. To distract ourselves, we use our state-issued tablets to listen to music or podcasts or watch movies โ€” until the scorching heat causes them to malfunction. Bored and miserable, most inmates wrap wet towels around their bodies in an attempt to keep cool, doing anything to pass the unbearable time.โ€

A middle aged woman sweating from hot flashes due to menopause

โ€œPrison Is the Worst Place to Start Menopause,โ€ by Donna Hockman: โ€œLast summer, the air conditioning went out several times over a two-month period. The temperature in the unit hovered around 83 degrees. We had large industrial fans placed in our dayroom, but all this did was circulate hot, stagnant air. With the humidity, it felt like it was 100 degrees. I remember many of us making calls to our family, asking them to call the prison and beg them to bring us ice so we could cool off.โ€


Disclaimer: The views in this article are those of the author. Prison Journalism Project has verified the writerโ€™s identity and basic facts such as the names of institutions mentioned.

Wyatt Stayner is the deputy editor at Prison Journalism Project.

Prior to PJP, he worked for seven years as a reporter at two local newspapers: The Herald in Jasper, Indiana, and The Columbian in Vancouver, Washington. He has covered county government, high school sports and health. During Wyatt's time on the health beat, he led The Columbian's coverage of a 2019 measles outbreak, and one year later he spearheaded the paper's coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. His reporting received the Society of Professional Journalists Washington Chapter's Northwest Excellence Award for First Place for feature writing and the C.B. Blethen Awards.

Wyatt holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Oregon, and a master's degree in journalism from City University of New York. He is a native of Birmingham, Alabama, and currently lives in Brooklyn.